Osmotic pressure and reverse osmosis
Diagnostic functions PLC Monitoring vertical p 5 displacements and deformations in the reconstruction of the object the East Gallery in Kosice role of clusters p 5 in modern economic policy Measurement of reactive power and power factor in photovoltaic plants connected to the voltage level NN It is a replica of the internet all the Roman Empire?
Hairs had a special place Popolvárovom Kingdom. He lived in seclusion outside the industrial park and dealt with mainly by observing nature p 5 and theoretical studies, especially in chemistry and physics. On his walks around the countryside but also UK noticed that after rain burst plums and cherries. He also noticed that people robotný before leaving the field, soaked rakes, hoes, axes for half an hour in the water, and iron tools better hold on Poříska or handle. This phenomenon really took it and started p 5 to deal with it in more detail. p 5
In Popolvárovom Kingdom lived and Dr.. Sharp-eyed (constructed the first telescope and microscope) that his research focused primarily on living organisms. Found that every living organism plants and animals p 5 are composed of cells. A cell is a highly complex formation, is separated from the surrounding cell wall, which has interesting properties. The cell wall is able to pass certain substances, among them is the water molecule. Inside the cell, the solution of various substances. p 5
Hairs dominated p 5 by thermodynamics (most of them appeared alone) and knew that the network tends to get in thermodynamic equilibrium. At one technical meeting of the Royal Academy gave the following reasoning, if a system consists of cells immersed in water, then the system will be in thermodynamic equilibrium when the concentration of substances inside the cell will be identical to its surroundings. Due to the fact that the cell membrane is not able to pass a large ions or molecules from within, the water from the surroundings to penetrate into the cell interior (effort after dilution solution), the cell starts to grow and the pressure begins to increase in cell volume, if a pressure buildup enough high cell bursts and this is the cause of cracking fruit after rain.
This phenomenon is called Hairs osmosis and pressure that there arises the osmotic pressure. Properly noticed, it is a feature koligatívnu p 5 solution, ie, that depends on the number of particles in the solution. The principle of osmosis at the molecular level illustrated Hairs figure 1 Deda theory polymath immediately began experimentally verified. In Popolvárovom laboratory of Dr. path problem. Wide. But did not begin to examine the phenomenon at the cellular level (not available microscope), so a semi-permeable membrane made of cellophane. Cell simulated balloon filled with saline and immersed in pure water, and also in aqueous salt solutions of different concentrations.
Confirmed the theory p 5 Deda polymath, water molecules move through the membrane from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher salt concentration, Fig. 2 Later, when he got a quality microscope to be certain that even at the cellular p 5 level. Prepared a series of solutions of sodium chloride in water and examined what happens to the cells in these solutions. Found that the concentration of NaCl 9 g dm -3 cell volume is unchanged. p 5 Such a solution is called an isotonic solution. Solution having a higher osmotic pressure than the cell is in a hypertonic solution and a solution having p 5 a lower osmotic pressure is hypotonic solution.
FIG. 2 The direction of motion of the water molecules at different concentrations of salt solutions inside the balloon - the cells, and the concentration of salts inside the balloon is greater than the area, b the concentration of salts inside the balloon around the same, c the concentration of salts inside the balloon is less than in the vicinity .
The UK also worked Popolvárovom able engineers p 5 who watched the results of basic research and tried to use them immediately in practice. This was the case here. Ing. Valibuk constructed the device of FIG. 3 The semipermeable membrane was made of solid material. If both cylinders were opened p 5 FIG. 3a, the water passes through the membrane compartment to compartment I and II spoke in the cylinder water to such a height that the hydrostatic pressure compared with the osmotic pressure.
Then Valibuk in space II increases the pressure, so that the external pressure is greater than the osmotic pressure and water flowed in the opposite p 5 direction, from the compartment p 5 to compartment II I of FIG. 3b. This phenomenon is called p 5 reverse osmosis. Given that Popolvárovo p 5 Kingdom had more, not realizing the importance of this effect. Valibuk invention used later in a neighboring kingdom, which had developed seafaring, seawater desalination.
At the time the experiments were made with the osmotic pressure, discovered in a limestone deposit up high quality marble. Marble started to benefit the company p 5 prickle-Baba Ltd.. Into the marble rocks drilled holes and using gunpowder picked off individual blocks of marble. The mining was a dangerous one hand, and, second, marble block where blasting p 5 is often split into several pieces. Valibuk in this case to find an elegant solution. He suggested that instead of gunpowder, in drilled holes zatĺkli wood
Diagnostic functions PLC Monitoring vertical p 5 displacements and deformations in the reconstruction of the object the East Gallery in Kosice role of clusters p 5 in modern economic policy Measurement of reactive power and power factor in photovoltaic plants connected to the voltage level NN It is a replica of the internet all the Roman Empire?
Hairs had a special place Popolvárovom Kingdom. He lived in seclusion outside the industrial park and dealt with mainly by observing nature p 5 and theoretical studies, especially in chemistry and physics. On his walks around the countryside but also UK noticed that after rain burst plums and cherries. He also noticed that people robotný before leaving the field, soaked rakes, hoes, axes for half an hour in the water, and iron tools better hold on Poříska or handle. This phenomenon really took it and started p 5 to deal with it in more detail. p 5
In Popolvárovom Kingdom lived and Dr.. Sharp-eyed (constructed the first telescope and microscope) that his research focused primarily on living organisms. Found that every living organism plants and animals p 5 are composed of cells. A cell is a highly complex formation, is separated from the surrounding cell wall, which has interesting properties. The cell wall is able to pass certain substances, among them is the water molecule. Inside the cell, the solution of various substances. p 5
Hairs dominated p 5 by thermodynamics (most of them appeared alone) and knew that the network tends to get in thermodynamic equilibrium. At one technical meeting of the Royal Academy gave the following reasoning, if a system consists of cells immersed in water, then the system will be in thermodynamic equilibrium when the concentration of substances inside the cell will be identical to its surroundings. Due to the fact that the cell membrane is not able to pass a large ions or molecules from within, the water from the surroundings to penetrate into the cell interior (effort after dilution solution), the cell starts to grow and the pressure begins to increase in cell volume, if a pressure buildup enough high cell bursts and this is the cause of cracking fruit after rain.
This phenomenon is called Hairs osmosis and pressure that there arises the osmotic pressure. Properly noticed, it is a feature koligatívnu p 5 solution, ie, that depends on the number of particles in the solution. The principle of osmosis at the molecular level illustrated Hairs figure 1 Deda theory polymath immediately began experimentally verified. In Popolvárovom laboratory of Dr. path problem. Wide. But did not begin to examine the phenomenon at the cellular level (not available microscope), so a semi-permeable membrane made of cellophane. Cell simulated balloon filled with saline and immersed in pure water, and also in aqueous salt solutions of different concentrations.
Confirmed the theory p 5 Deda polymath, water molecules move through the membrane from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher salt concentration, Fig. 2 Later, when he got a quality microscope to be certain that even at the cellular p 5 level. Prepared a series of solutions of sodium chloride in water and examined what happens to the cells in these solutions. Found that the concentration of NaCl 9 g dm -3 cell volume is unchanged. p 5 Such a solution is called an isotonic solution. Solution having a higher osmotic pressure than the cell is in a hypertonic solution and a solution having p 5 a lower osmotic pressure is hypotonic solution.
FIG. 2 The direction of motion of the water molecules at different concentrations of salt solutions inside the balloon - the cells, and the concentration of salts inside the balloon is greater than the area, b the concentration of salts inside the balloon around the same, c the concentration of salts inside the balloon is less than in the vicinity .
The UK also worked Popolvárovom able engineers p 5 who watched the results of basic research and tried to use them immediately in practice. This was the case here. Ing. Valibuk constructed the device of FIG. 3 The semipermeable membrane was made of solid material. If both cylinders were opened p 5 FIG. 3a, the water passes through the membrane compartment to compartment I and II spoke in the cylinder water to such a height that the hydrostatic pressure compared with the osmotic pressure.
Then Valibuk in space II increases the pressure, so that the external pressure is greater than the osmotic pressure and water flowed in the opposite p 5 direction, from the compartment p 5 to compartment II I of FIG. 3b. This phenomenon is called p 5 reverse osmosis. Given that Popolvárovo p 5 Kingdom had more, not realizing the importance of this effect. Valibuk invention used later in a neighboring kingdom, which had developed seafaring, seawater desalination.
At the time the experiments were made with the osmotic pressure, discovered in a limestone deposit up high quality marble. Marble started to benefit the company p 5 prickle-Baba Ltd.. Into the marble rocks drilled holes and using gunpowder picked off individual blocks of marble. The mining was a dangerous one hand, and, second, marble block where blasting p 5 is often split into several pieces. Valibuk in this case to find an elegant solution. He suggested that instead of gunpowder, in drilled holes zatĺkli wood
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